Augustus Born: Architect of the Roman Empire
Augustus ended a century of Roman civil wars by defeating Mark Antony and Cleopatra and then methodically rebuilding the state into an imperial system disguised as a restored republic. His administrative reforms, road networks, and architectural programs produced the foundation on which Western civilization would build for the next two thousand years.
September 23, 63 BC
What Else Happened on September 23
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Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V signed the Concordat of Worms to resolve a decades-long struggle over who held the power to appoint bishops. Th…
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The English ship Christofer carried three iron cannons and one hand gun into the harbor at Arnemuiden in 1338 — and changed naval warfare before anyone knew wha…
Mongol forces crushed a Ming Chinese army at the Battle of Kherlen, securing their second major military triumph since the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty. This vi…
Yorkist forces under the Earl of Salisbury routed a larger Lancastrian army at Blore Heath in Staffordshire, the first major bloodshed of the Wars of the Roses.…
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