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Hideki Tojo

Historical Figure

Hideki Tojo

1884–1948

Prime Minister of Japan from 1941 to 1944

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Biography

Hideki Tojo was a Japanese military officer and politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1941 to 1944 during World War II. His leadership was marked by widespread state violence and mass killings perpetrated in the name of Japanese nationalism.

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In Their Own Words (5)

The moment the first American soldier sets foot on the Japanese mainland, all prisoners of war will be shot.

Note signed by Tojo (June 1945), left at a camp during the Bataan Death March. Possible forgery since Tojo was no longer in power for over a year at the time of the discovery. Also, the Japanese homeland was not threatened with invasion at the time and it was common sense that the Philippines would be attacked before. , 1945

It is natural that I should bear entire responsibility for the war in general, and, needless to say, I am prepared to do so. Consequently, now that the war has been lost, it is presumably necessary that I be judged so that the circumstances of the time can be clarified and the future peace of the world be assured. Therefore, with respect to my trial, it is my intention to speak frankly, according to my recollection, even though when the vanquished stands before the victor, who has over him the power of life and death, he may be apt to toady and flatter. I mean to pay considerable attention to this in my actions, and say to the end that what is true is true and what is false is false. To shade one's words in flattery to the point of untruthfulness would falsify the trial and do incalculable harm to the nation, and great care must be taken to avoid this.

Written in his prison diary, as quoted in The Imperial Japanese Army: The Invincible Years 1941–42 (2014), by Bill Yenne, Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford Publishing, p. 337. , 2014

If one of you should detect any dissatisfaction or unsettled feeling within your (the governors’) jurisdiction, you should take immediate and concrete steps for the complete removal of these elements … Now the people of our nation must endure our little punk of an emperor and their inconveniences and overcome painful hardships in order to win this war.

Broadcast speech, as quoted in Fourth International Vol.5 No.2 (February 1944). , 1944

Despite Japan's desires and efforts, unfortunate differences in the ways that Japan, England, the United States, and China understood circumstances, together with misunderstandings of attitudes, made it impossible for the parties to agree. Up until the very end, these were important reasons for the outbreak of war, and from Japan's point of view, this is a matter of great regret.

Prison journal

When reflecting upon it today, that the Pearl Harbor attack should have succeeded in achieving surprise seems a blessing from Heaven. It was clear that a great American fleet had been concentrated in Pearl Harbor, and we supposed that the state of alert would be very high.

Written in his prison diary

Timeline

The story of Hideki Tojo, told in moments.

1941 Life

Becomes Prime Minister of Japan. Emperor Hirohito picks him because he controls the army and might be able to restrain it. Instead, Tojo approves the attack on Pearl Harbor within weeks of taking office.

1944 Event

Resigns as Prime Minister after the fall of Saipan. American bombers can now reach the Japanese home islands. His cabinet collapses. The war he championed is being lost on every front.

1945 Life

American MPs arrive to arrest him. He shoots himself in the chest with a .32 caliber pistol. Misses his heart. A U.S. Army doctor gives him a transfusion of American blood. He survives to stand trial.

1946 Event

Indicted at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East. Twenty-eight defendants face charges of conspiracy, waging aggressive war, and crimes against humanity. The trial will last two and a half years.

1948 Death

Hanged at Sugamo Prison in Tokyo alongside six other convicted war criminals. He is 64. His last words: 'Banzai.' The executions happen on what would have been Emperor Taisho's birthday.

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