Historical Figure
Shivaji
1630–1680
Chhatrapati of the Marathas from 1674 to 1680
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Biography
Shivaji I was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle dynasty. Shivaji inherited a jagir from his father who served as a retainer for the Sultanate of Bijapur, which later formed the genesis of the Maratha Kingdom. In 1674, he was formally crowned the Chhatrapati of his realm at Raigad Fort.
Timeline
The story of Shivaji, told in moments.
Revived as a cultural hero in the 19th century by reformer Jyotirao Phule and later by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. His image became central to Indian nationalism and, more controversially, to Hindu nationalist movements.
Born at Shivneri hill fort near Junnar, in present-day Maharashtra. His father Shahaji served as a retainer for the Sultanate of Bijapur. Named after the local goddess Shivai.
Killed the Bijapur general Afzal Khan in a close-quarters meeting, allegedly using concealed tiger claws. The encounter became legend. Shivaji was 29 and already controlled several forts.
Crowned Chhatrapati at Raigad Fort, establishing the Maratha Kingdom. Local Brahmins initially opposed the coronation, questioning his caste. He brought a priest from Varanasi to perform the ceremony.
Died at Raigad Fort at 50. The Maratha empire he built would expand to control much of the Indian subcontinent within a century. His military innovations included a formidable navy and guerrilla tactics adapted to the Western Ghats.
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